Selenium Grid
Questions
Question 91:
How do I
cut down text execution time for my selenium tests? I want to execute my tests
on a combination of different machines and browsers.
Answer
Selenium
grid is your friendJ. Selenium grid lets you distribute
tests across browsers and machines of your choice.
Question 92:
How does
Selenium grid works?
Answer
Selenium
grid uses combination of Selenium RC servers to execute tests in multiple
browsers on different machine. Herein one Selenium RC server works as hub while
other RC servers work as slaves, which could be controlled by hub. Whenever
there is a request for a specific configuration for test execution then hub
looks for a free RC slave server and if available then test execution begins on
it. Once test execution is over then RC slave server would be available for next
set of test execution.
Question 93:
Can you
show me one diagram which describes functionality of Selenium grid?
Answer
In the
following diagram Selenium hub is controlling three Selenium RC servers which
are running for configurations –
· IE on Windows
· FF on Linux
· FF on windows
Question 94:
Which jar
files are needed to works with Selenium GRID?
Answer
You need
to download and add following jar files to your Selenium set up to be able to
work with Selenium. These jar files are –
· selenium-grid-remote-control-standalone-.jar
· selenium-grid-hub-standalone-.jar
· selenium-grid-tools-standalone-.jar
Question 95:
How do I
start Selenium Grid hub from my machine?
Answer
You should
have “ant” set up on your system to be able to work with Grid. Once you have
downloaded Selenium Grid, navigate to its distribution directory and execute
following command -
ant launch-hub
Question 96:
How do I
start Selenium Grid Slave Server from my system?
Answer
Navigate
to download directory of Selenium gird and execute following command
–
ant
launch-remote-control
This would
launch remote control server at port 555. At this point if you navigate
to http://localhost:4444/console then you would see this remote
control listed under “Available Remote Controls”
Question 97:
How do I
start Selenium grid slave on a different port than 5555?
Answer
You can
use option “-Dport” followed by port number to start grid slave on a specific
port.
ant -Dport=1111
launch-remote-control
ant -Dport=2222
launch-remote-control
Question 98:
How do I
start grid RC slaves on a different system than my local host so than hub could
control and contact a specific configuration?
Answer
You should
specify following configuration while starting RC slave –
ant
-Dport= -Dhost= -DhubURL= launch-remote-control
Herein
“hostname” is the host where RC slave is running and “hub url” is URL of machine
where grid hub is running.
Question 99:
How do I
specify an environment while starting grid slave machine?
Answer
You could
specify an environment using “-Denvironment” while starting a slave
machine.
ant
-Denvironment=”Safari on Mac” launch-remote-control
Herein
Safari on Mac is the environment which would be used to recognize configuration
of RC slave.
Question 100:
How do I
use machine specific configuration in my Selenium tests?
Answer
You could
specify machine specific configuration while instantiating Selenium as
–
Selenium =
new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, **'Safari on Mac'**,
'http://yahoo.com');
And then
you use this selenium instance to carryout operation on your web
application.
Question 101:
But how
does my tests know that ‘Safari on Mac’ mean a safari browser? How does mapping
between names like ‘Safari on Mac’ and original browser options available in
Selenium work?
Answer
Selenium
grid uses a file called “grid_configuration.yml” which defines configurations of
all browsers. You would have to add this in your project. This file looks like
–
Question 102:
How does
Selenium grid hub keeps in touch with RC slave machine?
Answer
Selenium
grid hub keeps polling all RC slaves at predefined time to make sure they are
available for testing. If not then Selenium hub disconnect any unavailable RC
slaves and makes it clear that any RC slave is not available for testing. The
deciding parameter is called – “remoteControlPollingIntervalInSeconds” and is
defined in “grid_configuration.yml” file.
Question 103:
My RC
becomes unresponsive at times and my Selenium grid hub keeps waiting for RC
slave to respondL. How do I let hub know to give up on
RC slave after a certain time?
Answer
You could
state Selenium grid hub to wait for RC slave for a predefined time, and if RC
slave does not responds with in this time then hub disconnects test execution on
that slave. This parameter is called “sessionMaxIdleTimeInSeconds” and this
parameter can be defined in “grid_configuration.yml” file.
Question 104:
What if my
hub goes down while Selenium RC slaves are up and running?
Answer
There is
one heart beat mechanism from RC slave to hub which is reciprocal to mechanism
used by hub to slave machines. RC slaves use a parameter called
“hubPollerIntervalInSeconds” to keep track of running grid hub. This parameter
can be defined while starting the hub as –
ant
-DhubPollerIntervalInSeconds= launch-hub
if hub
does not respond within this time then RC slaves deregister themselves from
hub.
Question 105:
Can
Selenium grid be used for performance testing?
Answer
Selenium
grid is for functional testing of application across different configuration.
Performance testing is usually not carried out on actual devices but on a
simulated http request/response mechanism. If you want to use Selenium Grid for
performance testing then you would have to invest heavily on s/w and h/w
infrastructure.
Question 106:
Are there
additional logs available while working with Selenium grid?
Answer
You can
find Selenium grid hub logs in “log/hub.log” and Remote Control logs in
“log/rc-*.log” folder.
Question 107:
There are
various options available while starting a Selenium server, how do I use them
with Selenium grid?
Answer
You can
use “seleniumArgs” Java
property while launching the remote control and specify any of the option which
you would with normal Selenium set up. For example you can run Selenium RC slave
in single window mode using following command –
ant -DseleniumArgs="-singleWindow
-debug" launch-remote-control
Question 108:
I see
duplicate entries in my hub console, same RC slave listed more than once
:-O
Answer
This is
because you are killing RC slave very ferociously. For example you if you just
close the console without actually ending the process in more civil manner. To
avoid this you should kill all RC slaves in more civil manner. If you encounter
this error then you should restart Selenium hub and RC slaves would them
register themselves to hub.
Question 109:
How do I
specify my corporate proxy while starting Selenium grid hub or slave
machines?
Answer
You could
use setting for “http.proxyHost” abd “http.proxyPort” while starting hub and
remote control machines –
ant
-Dhttp.proxyHost= -Dhttp.proxyPort= launch-hub
ant
-Dhttp.proxyHost= -Dhttp.proxyPort= launch-remote-control
Question 110:
How do I
use Selenium Grid while using Java, .Net or Ruby
Answer
With java
you can take advantage of parallel testing capabilities of TestNG to drive your
Selenium grid tests
With .Net
you can use “Gallio” to execute your tests in parallel
With Ruby
you can use “DeepTest” to distribute your tests
Question 111:
How about
the test report when I use Selenium grid for test execution?
Answer
This
entirely boils down to framework you use to write your tests. For example in
case of java, TestNG reports should suffice.
Web Driver (Selenium
2.0) Questions
Question 112:
What is
Selenium 2.0? I have heard this buzz word many times.
Answer
Selenium
2.0 is consolidation of two web testing tools – Selenium RC and WebDriver, which
claims to give best of both words – Selenium and WebDriver. Selenium 2.0 was
officially released only of late.
Question 113:
Why are
two tools being combined as Selenium 2.0, what’s the gain?
Answer
Selenium
2.0 promises to give much cleaner API then Selenium RC and at the same time not
being restricted by java script Security restriction like same origin policy,
which have been haunting Selenium from long. Selenium 2.0 also does not warrant
you to use Selenium Server.
Question 114:
So
everyone is going to use Selenium 2.0?
Answer
Well no,
for example if you are using Selenium Perl client driver than there is no
similar offering from Selenium 2.0 and you would have to stick to Selenium 1.0
till there is similar library available for Selenium 2.0
Question 115:
So how do
I specify my browser configurations with Selenium 2.0?
Answer
Selenium
2.0 offers following browser/mobile configuration –
· AndroidDriver,
· ChromeDriver,
· EventFiringWebDriver,
· FirefoxDriver,
· HtmlUnitDriver,
· InternetExplorerDriver,
· IPhoneDriver,
· IPhoneSimulatorDriver,
· RemoteWebDriver
And all of
them have been implemented from interface WebDriver. To be able to use any of
these drivers you need to instantiate their corresponding class.
Question 116:
How is
Selenium 2.0 configuration different than Selenium 1.0?
Answer
In case of
Selenium 1.0 you need Selenium jar file pertaining to one library for example in
case of java you need java client driver and also Selenium server jar file.
While with Selenium 2.0 you need language binding (i.e. java, C# etc) and
Selenium server jar if you are using Remote Control or Remote
WebDriver.
Question 117:
Can you
show me one code example of setting Selenium 2.0?
Answer
Here is
java example of initializing firefox driver and using Google Search engine
–
protected WebDriver webDriver;
//@BeforeClass(alwaysRun=true)
public void startDriver(){
webDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
// Get
Google search page and perform search on term “Test”
webDriver.get("http://www.google.com");
webDriver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("Test");
webDriver.findElement(By.name(“btnG”)).click();
Question 118:
Which web
driver implementation is fastest?
Answer
HTMLUnitDriver. Simple reason is HTMLUnitDriver does not
execute tests on browser but plain http request – response which is far quick
than launching a browser and executing tests. But then you may like to execute
tests on a real browser than something running behind the scenes
Question 119:
What all
different element locators are available with Selenium 2.0?
Answer
Selenium 2.0 uses same set of locators which are used by
Selenium 1.0 – id, name, css, XPath but how Selenium 2.0 accesses them is
different. In case of Selenium 1.0 you don’t have to specify a different method
for each locator while in case of Selenium 2.0 there is a different method
available to use a different element locator. Selenium 2.0 uses following method
to access elements with id, name, css and XPath locator –
driver.findElement(By.id("HTMLid"));
driver.findElement(By.name("HTMLname"));
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssLocator"));
driver.findElement(By.xpath("XPathLocator));
Question 120:
How do I
submit a form using Selenium?
Answer
You can use “submit” method on element to submit form
–
element.submit();
Alternatively you can use click method on the element
which does form submission.
Question 121:
Can I
simulate pressing key board keys using Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You can use “sendKeys” command to simulate key board
keys as –
element.sendKeys(" and
some", Keys.ARROW_UP);
You can also use “sendKeys” to type in text box as
–
HTMLelement.sendKeys("testData");
Question 122:
How do I
clear content of a text box in Selenium 2.0
Answer
You can
use “clear” method on text box element to clear its content –
textBoxElement.clear();
Question 123:
How do I
select a drop down value using Selenium2.0?
Answer
To select
a drop down value, you first need to get the select element using one of element
locator and then you can select element using visible text –
Select
selectElement = new Select(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("cssSelector")));
selectElement.selectByVisibleText("India");
Question 124:
What are
offering to deal with popup windows while using Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You can
use “switchTo” window method to switch to a window using window name. There is
also one method “getWindowHandles” which could be used to find all Window
handles and subsequently bring control on desired window using window handle
–
webDriver.switchTo().window("windowName");
for (String
handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
}
Question 125:
How about
handling frames using Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You can
use “switchTo” frame method to bring control on an HTML frame –
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
You can
also use index number to specify a frame –
driver.switchTo().frame("parentFrame.4.frameName");
This would
bring control on frame named – “frameName” of the 4th sub frame names
“parentFrame”
Question 126:
Can I
navigate back and forth in a browser in Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You can
use Navigate interface to go back and forth in a page. Navigate method of
WebDriver interface returns instance of Navigation. Navigate interface has
methods to move back, forward as well as to refresh a page –
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().refresh();
Question 127:
What is
the order of fastest browser implementation for WebDriver?
Answer
HTMLUnitDriver is the fastest browser implementation as it does not involves interaction with a browser, This is followed by Firefox driver and then IE driver which is slower than FF driver and runs only on Windows.
Question 128:
Is it
possible to use Selenium RC API with Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You can emulate Selenium 1.0 API with Selenium 2.0 but not all of Selenium 1.0 methods are supported. To achieve this you need to get Selenium instance from WebDriver and use Selenium methods. Method executions might also be slower while simulating Selenium 1.0 with in Selenium 2.0
Question 129:
Can you
show me one example of using Selenium 1.0 in Selenium 2.0?
Answer
Code
Sample:
// Create
web driver instance
WebDriver
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
// App
URL
String
appUrl = "http://www.google.com";
// Get
Selenium instance
Selenium
selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver,
appUrl);
// Tests
using selenium
selenium.open(appURL);
selenium.type("name=q", "testData");
selenium.click("name=btnG");
// Get back
the WebDriver instance
WebDriver
driverInstance = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium)
selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();
Question 130:
I had
support of lots of browsers while using Selenium 1.0 and it seems lacking with
Selenium 2.0, for example how do I use < awesome> browser while using
Selenium 2.0?
Answer
There is a
class called Capabilities which lets you inject new Capabilities in WebDriver.
This class can be used to set testing browser as Safari –
//Instantiate
Capabilities
Capabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities()
//Set browser
name
capabilities.setBrowserName("this awesome browser");
//Get your browser execution
capabilities
CommandExecutor
executor = new SeleneseCommandExecutor("http:localhost:4444/", "http://www.google.com/",
capabilities);
//Setup driver instance with
desired Capabilities
WebDriver
driver = new RemoteWebDriver(executor,
capabilities);
Question 131:
Are there
any limitations while injecting capabilities in WebDriver to perform tests on a
browser which is not supported by WebDriver?
Answer
Major
limitation of injecting Capabilities is that “fundElement” command may not work
as expected. This is because WebDriver uses Selenium Core to make “Capability
injection” work which is limited by java script security policies.
Question 132:
Can I
change User-Agent while using FF browser? I want to execute my tests with a
specific User-Agent setting.
Answer
You can
create FF profile and add additional Preferences to it. Then this profile could
be passed to Firefox driver while creating instance of Firefox –
FirefoxProfile
profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.addAdditionalPreference("general.useragent.override", "User Agent
String");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
Question 133:
Is there
any difference in XPath implementation in different WebDriver
implementations?
Answer
Since not
all browsers (like IE) have support for native XPath, WebDriver provides its own
implementation for XPath for such browsers. In case of HTMLUnitDriver and
IEDriver, html tags and attributes names are considered lower cased while in
case of FF driver they are considered case in-sensitive.
Question 134:
My
application uses ajax highly and my tests are suffering from time outs while
using Selenium 2.0L.
Answer
You can
state WebDriver to implicitly wait for presence of Element if they are not
available instantly. By default this setting is set to 0. Once set, this value
stays till the life span of WebDriver object. Following example would wait for
60 seconds before throwing ElementNotFound exception –
WebDriver
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
WebElement element =
driver.findElement(By.id("elementID"));
Question 135:
What if I
don’t want to use implicit wait and want to wait only for presence of certain
elements?
Answer
You can use explicit wait in this situation to wait for
presence of certain element before continuing with test execution. You can use
“WebDriverWait” and “ExpectedCondition” to achieve this –
WebDriver
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
WebElement myDynamicElement
= (new WebDriverWait(driver,
60)).until(new ExpectedCondition<WebElement>(){
@Override
public WebElement
apply(WebDriver d) {
return d.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
}});
This is going to wait up to 60 seconds before throwing
ElementNotFound exception.
Question 136:
What is
RemoteWebDriver? When would I have to use it?
Answer
RemoteWebDriver is needed when you want to use
HTMLUnitDriver. Since HTMLUnitDriver runs in memory, you would not see a browser
getting launched –
// Create
HTMLUnitDriver instance
WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
// Launch
Yahoo.com
driver.get("http://www.yahoo.com");
Question 137:
What all
languages available to be used with WebDriver?
Answer
Java and
C# are on the forefront of WebDriver languages. Support is also available for
Python and Ruby. There is also one java script library available for
Friefox.
Question 138:
How do I
handle java script alert using WebDriver?
Answer
WebDriver
would support handling js alerts using Alert interface.
// Bring
control on already opened alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
// Get the
text of the alert or prompt
alert.getText();
// Click ok
on alert
alert.accept();
Question 139:
Could I
safely execute multiple instances of WebDriver implementations?
Answer
As far as
HTMLUnitDriver and FF drivers are concerned, each instance would be independent
of other. In case of IE driver there could be only one instance of IE driver
running on Windows. If you want to execute more than one instance of IE driver
then you should consider using RemoteWebDriver and virtual
machines.
Question 140:
Is it
possible to interact with hidden elements using WebDriver?
Answer
Since
WebDriver tries to exercise browser as closely as real users would, hence simple
answer is No, But you can use java script execution capabilities to interact
with hidden elements.
Question 141:
I have all
my tests written in Selenium 1.0 (Selenium RC), why should I migrate to Selenium
2.0 (WebDriver)?
Answer
Because
–
· WebDriver has more compact and object
oriented API than Selenium 1.0
· WebDriver simulates user behaviour
more closely than Selenium 1.0, for example if a text box is disabled WebDriver
would not be able to type text in it while Selenium 1.0 would be
· WebDriver is supported by Browser
vendor themselves i.e. FF, Opera, Chrome etc
Question 142:
My XPath
and CSS locators don’t always work with Selenium 2.0, but they used to with
Selenium 1.0L.
Answer
In case of
XPath, it is because WebDriver uses native browser methods unless it is not
available. And this cause complex XPath to be broken. In case of Selenium 1.0
css selectors are implemented using Sizzle Library and not all the capabilities
like “contains” are available to be used with Selenium 2.0
Question 143:
How do I
execute Java Script in Selenium 2.0?
Answer
You need
to use JavaScriptExecutor to execute java script in Selenium 2.0, For example if
you want to find tag name of an element using Selenium 2.0 then you can execute
java script as following –
WebElement element
= driver.findElement(By.id("elementLocator"));
String name =
(String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(
"return
arguments[0].tagName",
element);
Question 144:
Why does
not my java script execution return any value?
Answer
This might
happen when you forget to add “return“ keyword while executing java script.
Notice the “return” keyword in following statement –
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return window.title;");
Question 145:
Are there
any limitations from operating systems while using WebDriver?
Answer
While HTMLUnitDriver, FF Driver and Chrome Driver could
be used on all operating systems, IE Driver could be used only with
Windows.
Question 146:
Give me
architectural overview of WebDriver.
Answer
WebDriver tries to simulate real user interaction as
much as possible. This is the reason why WebDriver does not have “fireEvent”
method and “getText” returns the text as a real user would see it. WebDriver
implementation for a browser is driven by the language which is best to driver
it. In case of FF best fit languages are Javascript in an XPCOM component
and in IE it is C++ using IE automation. Now the implementation which is
available to user is a thin wrapper around the implementation and user need not
know about implementation.
Question 147:
What is
Remote WebDriver Server?
Answer
Remote
WebDriver Server has two components – client and server. Client is WebDriver
while Server is java servlet. Once you have downloaded
selenium-server-standalone-.jar file you can start it from
command line as –
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-<version-number>.jar
Question 148:
Is there a
way to start Remote WebDriver Server from my code?
Answer
First add
Remote WebDriver jar in your class path. You also need another server called
“Jetty” to use it. You can start sever as following –
WebAppContext context
= new WebAppContext();
context.setContextPath("");
context.setWar(new File("."));
server.addHandler(context);
context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, "/wd/*");
SelectChannelConnector connector
= new SelectChannelConnector();
connector.setPort(3001);
server.addConnector(connector);
server.start();
Question 149:
But what
are the advantages of using Remote WebDriver over WebDriver?
Answer
You can
use Remote WebDriver when –
· When you want to execute tests on a
browser not available to you locally
· Introduction to extra latency to
tests
But there
is one disadvantage of using Remote WebDriver that you would need external
servlet container.
Question 150:
Can you
show me code example of using Remote WebDriver?
Answer
// Any
driver could be used for test
DesiredCapabilities
capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
//
Enable javascript
support
capabilities.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
// Get
driver handle
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(capabilities);
// Launch
the app
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
Question 151:
What are
the modes of Remote WebDriver
Answer
Remote WebDriver has two modes of operations
–
Client Mode: This is where language bindings connect to remote
instance. FF drive and RemoteWebDriver clients work this way.
Server Mode: In
this mode language bindings set up the server. ChromeDriver works this
way.
Question 152:
What
Design Patterns could be used while using Selenium 2.0?
Answer
These three Design Patterns are very popular while
writing Selenium 2.0 tests –
1. Page Objects – which abstracts UI of web
page
2. Domain Specific Language – which tries to write tests
which could be understood by a normal user having no technical
knowledge
3. Bot Style Tests – it follows “command-like” test
scripting
Question 153:
So do I
need to follow these Design patterns while writing my tests?
Answer
Not at all, these Design Patterns are considered best
practices and you can write you tests without following any of those Design
Patterns, or you may follow a Design Pattern which suites your needs
most.
Question 154:
Is there a
way to enable java script while using HTMLUnitDriver?
Answer
Use this –
HtmlUnitDriver driver
= new HtmlUnitDriver();
driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
or this
–
HtmlUnitDriver driver
= new HtmlUnitDriver(true);
Question 155:
Is it
possible to emulate a browser with HTMLUnitDriver?
Answer
You can emulate browser while using HTMLUnitDriver but
it is not recommended as applications are coded irrespective of browser you use.
You could emulate Firefox 3 browser with HTMLUnitDriver as –
HtmlUnitDriver
driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(BrowserVersion.FIREFOX_3);
Or you can inject desired capabilities while
instantiating HTMLUnitDriver as –
HtmlUnitDriver
driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(capabilities);
Question 156:
How do I
use iPhone Driver?
Answer
You should start iPhone SDK and build iPhone driver.
Down load iPhone development tools and provision profile. Now iPhone
driver can connect through HTTP to the iphone simulator. You can also run
simulator on another machine in your network and WebDriver could connect to it
remotely.
Question 157:
Is it
possible to convert Selenium IDE test to WebDriver test?
Answer
For now there is no formatter available to
convert Selenium IDE tests to corresponding WebDriver tests, hence simple answer
is No. Yes WebDriver style of code can be generated from Selenium
IDE
Question 158:
Can
WebDriver handle UntrustedSSLCertificates?
Answer
This feature is currently supported in Firefox browser
and is awaiting implementation in IE and Chrome drivers.
Question 159:
Can I
carry out multiple operations at once while using WebDriver?
Answer
You can use Builder pattern to achieve this. For example
if you want to move an element from one place to another you can use this
–
Actions builder
= new Actions(driver);
Action dragAndDrop
= builder.clickAndHold(element)
.moveToElement(otherElement)
.release(otherElement)
.build();
dragAndDrop.perform();
Question 160:
How do I
simulate keyboard keys using WebDriver?
Answer
There is a KeyBoard interface which has three methods to
support keyboard interaction –
- sendKeys(CharSequence)-
Sends character sequence
- pressKey(Keys
keyToPress) - Sends a key press without releasing it.
- releaseKey(Keys
keyToRelease) - Releases a modifier key
Question 161:
What about
Mouse Interaction?
Answer
Mouse interface lets you carry out following operations
–
- click(WebElement element) – Clicks an
element
- doubleClick(WebElement element) - Double-clicks an
element.
- void mouseDown(WebElement element) - Holds down the left
mouse button on an element.
- mouseUp(WebElement element) - Releases the mouse button
on an element.
- mouseMove(WebElement element) - Moves element form
current location to another element.
- contextClick(WebElement element) - Performs a
context-click (right click) on an element.
Question 162:
How does
Android Webdriver works?
Answer
Android WebDriver uses Remote WebDriver. Client Side is
test code and Server side is application installed on android emulator or actual
device. Here client and server communicate using JSON wire protocol consisting
of Rest requests.
Question 163:
What are
the advantages of using Android WebDriver?
Answer
Android web driver runs on Android browser which is best
real user interaction. It also uses native touch events to emulated user
interaction.
But there are some drawbacks also like, it is slower
than headless WebKit driver. XPath is not natively supported in Android web
view.
Question 164:
Is there a
built-in DSL (domain specific language) support available in
WebDriver?
Answer
There is not, but you can easily build your own DSL, for
example instead of using –
webDriver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("Test");
You can create a more composite method and use it
–
public static void findElementAndType(WebDriver
webDriver, String elementLocator, String testData) {
webDriver.findElement(By.name(elementLocator)).sendKeys(testData);
}
And now you just need to call method findElementAndType
to do type operation.
Question 165:
What is
grid2?
Answer
Grid2 is Selenium grid for Selenium 1 as well as
WebDriver, This allows to –
· Execute tests on parallel on different
machines
· Managing multiple environments from one
point
Question 166:
How do I
start hub and slaves machines in grid 2?
Answer
Navigate to you selenium server standalone jar download
and execute following command –
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-.jar -role hub
And you start Slave machine by executing following command –
Java –jar selenium-server-.jar –role webdriver -hub http://localhost:4444/grid/register -port 6666
Question 167:
And how do
I run tests on grid?
Answer
You need to use the RemoteWebDriver and the DesiredCapabilities object to define browser, version and platform for testing. Create Targeted browser capabilities as –
DesiredCapabilities capability = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
Now pass capabilities to Remote WebDriver object –
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), capability);
Following this, hub will take care of assigning tests to
a slave machine
Question 168:
What
parameters can be passed to grid2?
Answer
You can pass following parameters to grid 2
–
- -port 4444 (default 4444)
- -nodeTimeout (default 30) the
timeout in seconds before the hub automatically releases a node that hasn't
received any requests for more than the specified number of seconds.
- -maxConcurrent 5 (5 is default)
The maximum number of browsers that can run in parallel on the node.
Selenium Tool
Implementation Misc Questions
Question 169:
How do I
implement data driven testing using Selenium?
Answer
Selenium,
unlike others commercial tools does not have any direct support for data driven
testing. Your programming language would help you achieving this. You can you
jxl library in case of java to read and write data from excel file. You can also
use Data Driven Capabilities of TestNG to do data driven testing.
Question 170:
What is
equivalent to test step, test scenario and test suite in Selenium.
Answer
If you are
using Java client driver of Selenium then TestNG test method could be considered
equivalent to test step, a test tag could be considered as test scenario and a
suite tag could be considered equivalent to a test suite.
Question 171:
How do I
get attribute value of an element in Selenium?
Answer
You could
use getAttribute method
With
Selenium 1.0 –
String var = selenium.getAttribute("css=input[name='q']@maxlength");
System.out.println(var);
With
Selenium 2.0 –
String var = webDriver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='q']")).getAttribute("maxlength")
System.out.println(var);
Question 172:
How do I
do database testing using Selenium?
Answer
Selenium
does not support database testing but your language binding does. For example
while using java client driver you can use java data base connectivity (jdbc) to
establish connection to data base, fetch/write data to data base and doing data
comparison with front end.
Question 173:
I
completed test execution and now I want to email test report.
Answer
If you are using “ant” build tool then you can use
“mail” task to deliver your test results. Similar capabilities are available in
Continuous Build Integration tools like – Hudson.
Question 174:
How do I
make my tests more comprehensible?
Answer
Selenium tests which are written as –
selenium.click("addForm:_ID74:_ID75:0:_ID79:0:box”);
Make it tough to understand the element which is being
exercised upon.
Instead of hard coding element locator in tests you
should externalize them. For example with java you can use properties file to
contain element locators and then locator reference is given in test script.
Following this approach previous test step would look as –
selenium.click(PolicyCheckbox);
And this is far more comprehensible.
Question 175:
Why should
I use Page Object?
Answer
Page object is a design pattern which distinguishes the
code carrying out operations on page and code which carries out tests
(assertion/verification). While implementing page object you abstract
functioning of a page or part of it in a dedicated “Classs” which is then used
by test script to perform actions on page and reach a stage when actual test
could be performed.
Advantage of using page object is the fact that if
application lay out changes then you only need to modify the navigation part and
test would function intact.
